VIA-IS-R: This assessment is the most extensive of the revised scales, consisting of 192 items that were selected based on content validity, reading level, internal consistency reliability, and differential correlation with other scales. To counteract acquiescence bias, both positively and negatively keyed items are included. Twenty-four scale scores are reported, as are 9 virtue scales and signature strengths. To score, calculate the mean for each character strength scale from 1-5. List the means in rank order from highest to lowest score. Twenty-four scale scores are reported as are 9 virtue scales and signature strengths.
VIA-IS-M: This assessment is a briefer version of the VIA-IS-R, consisting of 96 items (4 items for each strength scale) selected on the basis of corrected item-total correlations to maximize internal consistency while including both positively and negatively keyed items to control for acquiescence bias. To score, calculate the mean for each character strength scale from 1-5. List the means in rank order from highest to lowest score. Twenty-four scale scores are reported as are 9 virtue scales and signature strengths.
VIA-IS-P: This assessment was developed using the same strategy as the VIA-IS-M except only VIA-IS-R items keyed in the positive direction were eligible for inclusion. This version is for use when negatively keyed items may be a source of confusion for the test-taker. Again, 24 strengths scale scores are reported as are 9 virtue scales and signature strengths. To score, calculate the mean for each character strength scale from 1-5. List the means in rank order from highest to lowest score. Twenty-four scale scores are reported as are 9 virtue scales and signature strengths.
VIA-Y-R1 (8-12), VIA-Y-R2 (13-17), VIA 240, VIA 120, VIA 72, Youth-96, Youth-198: Calculate the mean for each character strength scale from 1-5. List the means in rank order from highest to lowest score.
*Note: VIA 103, available in English only.
*Note: VIA 103, VIA Youth-198 has reverse-scored items.
*Note: VIA used a complex computer algorithm to break tied scores for signature strengths at the time these instruments were developed. We do not release the algorithm for assessment administration off the VIA website.
VIA-IS-V6: This survey consists of 48 items (8 per virtue), positively and negatively keyed, resulting in scores for the 6 virtues that were developed with the original VIA Classification. Items were selected based on their corrected item-total correlations. Mean reliability is .80. These are the same items used in the scoring of the 6 virtues when the VIA-IS-R is administered. Virtue Scales can also be derived from the VIA-IS-R, VIA-IS-M and the VIA-IS-P. See Technical Report, p. 15-17 and p. 44 for details.
VIA-IS-V3: This survey consists of 24 items (8 items per virtue), positively and negatively keyed, resulting in scores for the 3 virtues developed subsequently for the VIA Classification. Mean reliability is .82. These are the same items used in the scoring of the 3 virtues when the VIA-IS-R is administered. Virtue Scales can also be derived from the VIA-IS-R, VIA-IS-M and the VIA-IS-P. See Technical Report, pp. 15-17 and p. 44 for details.
Global Assessment of Character Strengths (GACS-72, GACS-24): The Global Assessment of Character Strengths-72 (GACS-72) is a way to measure each strength in terms of its similarity to a signature strength. It asks respondents to rate each strength on 3 central criteria for defining signature strengths: how essential it is to identity, how natural and effortless it is to express, and how energizing it is when being expressed. The result is 24 strength scores on a 1-7 scale. Mean reliability is .85, mean correlation with behavioral criteria is .45, and the mean correlation with the VIA-IS-R is .62. The Global Assessment of Character Strengths-24 (GACS-24) is a single-item measurement for each of the strengths, using the natural and effortless items from the GACS-72. Mean correlation with the VIA-IS-R is .61 and with behavioral criteria is .43, and its average internal consistency reliability (estimated using communalities) is .78.
Signature Strengths Survey (SSS): The Signature Strengths Survey (SSS) directly measures signature strengths by having users identify those strengths “that are absolutely essential to you, that define who you are as a person, that are part of who you are.” Users are subsequently asked to go through the selected strengths and narrow them down further to those that are more important than the others by endorsing the most essential strengths a second time. Mean validity correlation with behavioral criteria is .34. This measure can be used to directly assess signature strengths and can be completed quite quickly. There is no rank ordering. Scores are dichotomous (nominal data): signature strength or not. Although this is considered the “gold standard” for identifying signature strengths, it is limited with regards to applying statistical analyses compared to dimensional measures.
Overuse, Underuse, Optimal Use of Character Strengths (OUOU): The OUOU user gives 3 percentages for each of the 24 character strengths on overuse, underuse, and optimal use for their typical day (the 3 percentages, taken together for each strength, must total 100%). Each character strength is treated as an independent item, which leads to 72 variables for the OUOU. These are treated as stand-alone variables in further analyses. For example, in examining creativity with depression, one would get three correlations, between depression and each type of use of creativity (overuse, underuse, optimal use). General overuse/underuse/optimal use is calculated by treating each type of use as a subscale. For example, general underuse is calculated by averaging the 24 underuses.
Partner Strengths Questionnaire (PSQ): The PSQ is completed by an individual about their partner’s character strengths. They select 3 strengths to answer 10 questions about, one of this is a write-in situational example for each chosen strength. Questions focus on recognition and appreciation of one’s partner’s character strengths, as well as the perceived “costs” of those strengths. Composites for strength use, strength effectiveness, strength appreciation, and strength costs are calculated.
Character Strengths Inventory for Children (CSI- C): The CSI-C is a self-report measure, completed by the youth aged 7-12. It offers rank-order results and raw scores of the 24 character strengths. The rank order is calculated by gathering averages of each of the 4 sets of items for each character strength.
Character Strengths Inventory for Early Childhood (CSI-EC): Informant-report measure, completed by the parent (of the child aged 3-6). Offers rank-order results and raw scores of the 24 character strengths. The rank order is calculated by gathering averages of each of the 4 sets of items for each character strength.